Saturday, February 28, 2015

Prophetic Commentary on Matthew 5

N.T. #8.   Matthew 5:  “A More Excellent Way”

“The Sermon on the Mount, including the Beatitudes, was delivered to ... the Twelve Apostles [and to others] who had been baptized and were seeking” to follow the Savior (Elder Bruce R. McConkie, The Mortal Messiah 2:127).

“Blessedness is … higher than happiness”(Elder Harold B. Lee, Stand Ye In Holy Places, 342).

How do the teachings in [Matthew 5] help us ‘come unto Christ, and be perfected in Him?’” (New Testament: Gospel Doctrine Teacher’s Manual, 33, emphasis added.)

vs. 3 “The phrase ‘the poor in spirit’ is a very literal translation of the Greek ... The [modern] reader tends to interpret ‘poor in spirit’ in terms of the phrase ‘in poor spirits’—in other words, ‘blessed are the depressed.’ Yet if depression were enough to make the kingdom of heaven, we would have all probably qualified at some time or other.(Royal Skousen, Brigham Young University Studies 26 [4]:9.) “The poor in spirit … means those who are spiritually needy” (Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Harold B. Lee, 200).


vs. 4  “To mourn, as the Master here would teach, one must feel a ‘godly sorrow that worketh repentance’”(Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Harold B. Lee, 201; see also Elder Royden G. Derrick, April 1977 & 1989 Conference Report).

vs. 6  “Did you ever hunger for food or thirst for water when just a crust of stale bread or a sip of tepid water to ease the pangs that distressed you would seem to be the most prized of all possessions? If you have so hungered, then you may begin to understand how [Jesus] meant we should hunger and thirst after righteousness.(Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Harold B. Lee, 202.)

vs. 7  “The Lord will judge with the same measure meted out by us. If we are harsh, we should not expect other than harshness. If we are merciful with those who injure us, He will be merciful with us in our errors. If we are unforgiving He will leave us weltering in our sins.”(Elder Spencer W. Kimball, The Miracle of Forgiveness, 267.)

vs. 8  “Purity of heart means perfection” (Elder Spencer W. Kimball, The Miracle of Forgiveness, 112).

vs. 20  “Jesus … was not content with the old levels of concept and conduct. He wanted [us] to rise to nobler heights” (Elder Marion D. Hanks, April 1992 Conference Report).

vs. 22  “[A]nger is a thought sin” (Elder Spencer W. Kimball, The Miracle of Forgiveness, 112; see also Elder Neal A. Maxwell, We Talk of Christ, 146). “We cannot have the companionship of the Holy Ghost … if we are angry” (Elder Dallin H. Oakes, March 1997 Ensign, 9). “[T]he Holy Ghost … cannot be with us if we are angry” (Elder Robert D. Hales, October 2003 CR). “To be angry is to yield to the influence of Satan. No one can make us angry. It is our choice.” (President Thomas S. Monson, Oct 2009 CR.)


vs. 25  “If we would but hearken to that one doctrine of Christ … ‘agree with thine adversary quickly’ … how much better we would be” (President Joseph F. Smith).

Jewish Calendar and Major Holidays

Jewish Holidays
The Jewish Months and their Special Dates[1]

Jewish Month
Approximate Secular Date
This Month’s Special Dates
Nissan
March–April
Passover
Iyar
April–May
Lag B’Omer
Sivan
May–June
Shavuot
Tammuz
June–July

Menachem Av
July–August
Tisha B’Av
Elul
August–September

Tishrei
September–October
The High Holidays (Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur), Sukkot, Shmini Atzeret, and Simchat Torah
Marcheshvan
October–November

Kislev
November–December
Chanukah
Tevet
December–January
Conclusion of Chanukah
Shevat
January–February
Tu B’Shvat
Adar
February–March
Purim

The Jewish calendar is a lunar calendar and therefore based on the phases of the moon. Since many of the Jewish holidays are mentioned in the New Testament, I wanted to give a brief explanation of each of the main holidays[2]—starting with the New Year which falls in September/October.

Rosh Hashannah
Held on the first day of the 7th month (Tishrei) and marks the beginning of a ten-day period leading up to Yom Kippur. According to one of two Talmudic opinions, the creation of the world was completed on Rosh Hashanah. Prayer services focus on majesty and judgment, remembrance, the birth of the world, and the blowing of the shofar. The biblical reference is Numbers 29:1. It is typically held over two days. Then follows ten days of repentance culminating in . . .

Yom Kippur—Day of Atonement

Yom Kippur is the holiest day of the year for Jews. Its central theme is atonement and reconciliation. This is accomplished through prayer and complete fasting—including abstinence from all food and drink (including water) —by all healthy adults. The fast and other prohibitions commence on 10 Tishrei at sunset—sunset being the beginning of the day in Jewish tradition. Yom Kippur comes to an end with the blowing of the shofar, which marks the conclusion of the fast.

Sukkot—Feast of Booths (or Tabernacles)

Sukkot is a seven-day festival, also known as the Feast of Booths, the Feast of Tabernacles, or just Tabernacles. It takes place on the 15–21 Tishrei. Mandated in Leviticus 23, to commemorate the sojourn in the desert, Jews are required to construct booths and “dwell” in them. This generally means taking meals, but some sleep in the sukkah as well, particularly in Israel. There are specific rules for constructing a sukkah.
Along with dwelling in a sukkah, the principal ritual unique to this holiday is use of the Four Species (lulav (palm), hadass (myrtle), aravah (willow) and etrog (citron). On each day of the holiday other than Shabbat, these are waved in association with the recitation of Hallel in the synagogue, then walked in a procession around the synagogue called the Hoshanot.
The seventh day of the Sukkot is called Hoshanah Rabbah, the “Great Hoshanah (singular of Hoshanot and the source of the English word hosanna). The climax of the day's prayers includes seven processions of Hoshanot around the synagogue.

Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah

Held on 22 Tishrei, Shemini Atzeret (shemini means 8) is celebrated at the end of Sukkot and incorporates Simchat Torah (meaning "rejoicing with the Torah") which is held the following day. Simchat Torah originally referred to a special "ceremony": the last weekly Torah portion is read from Deuteronomy, completing the annual cycle, and is followed immediately by the reading of the first chapter of Genesis, beginning the new annual cycle.

Hanukkah—Festival of Lights/Feast of Dedication

The story of Hanukkah is preserved in the books of the First and Second Maccabees. These books are not part of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), they are apocryphal books instead. The miracle of the one-day supply of olive oil miraculously lasting eight days is first described in the Talmud (Shabbat 21b), written about 600 years after the events described in the books of Maccabees.
Hanukkah marks the defeat of Seleucid Empire forces that had tried to prevent the people of Israel from practicing Judaism. Judah Maccabee and his brothers destroyed overwhelming forces, and rededicated the Temple in Jerusalem. The eight-day festival is marked by the kindling of lights—one on the first night, two on the second, and so on—using a special candle holder called a Chanukkiyah, or a Hanukkah menorah.
Religiously, Hanukkah is a minor holiday. It is held on 25 Kislev or 2–3 Tevet. Three widely practiced customs include:
·       Consumption of foods prepared in oil, such as potato pancakes or jelly doughnuts, commemorating the miracle of oil
·       Playing the game of dreidel (called a sevivon in Hebrew), symbolizing Jews' disguising of illegal Torah study sessions as gambling meetings during the period leading to the Maccabees' revolt
·       Giving children money, especially coins, called Hanukkah gelt.

Purim

Held on 14 Adar, Purim commemorates the events found in the Book of Esther. During the feast, the Book of Esther is read, gifts are given, and a goodly amount of alcohol is consumed. There is a traditional pastry called a Hamantasche which is filled with apricot jam.

Pesach—Passover

Also known as the Feast of Unleavened Bread, Pesach is held on 15–20 Nisan; this holiday commemorates the events that took place in Exodus 12—the liberation of the Hebrew slaves from Egypt. No chametz (leavened food) is eaten, or even owned, during the week of Passover, in commemoration of the fact that the Israelites left Egypt so quickly that their bread did not have enough time to rise. Observant Jews go to great lengths to remove all chametz from their homes and offices in the run-up to Passover. The principal ritual is the seder (“order”) meal. This meal is known for its distinctive ritual foods—matzo (unleavened bread), maror (bitter herbs), and four cups of wine—as well as its prayer text/handbook/study guide, the Haggadah. Participation in a Passover seder is one of the most widely observed of Jewish rituals. Following Exodus 12:15, Passover lasts seven days.

Shavuot—Feast of Weeks—Yom HaBikurim

Held on 6 Sivan, it is one of the three principal pilgrimage festivals ordained in the Torah, the other two being Pesach and Sukkot. According to Rabbinic tradition, codified in the Talmud at Shabbat 87b, the Ten Commandments were given on this day. In the era of the Temple, there were certain specific offerings mandated for Shavuot, and Shavuot was the first day for bringing of Bikkurim (first fruits) to the Temple. Other than those, there are no explicit mitzvot unique to Shavuot given in the Torah (parallel to matzo on Passover or Sukkah on Sukkot).
Nevertheless, there are a number of widespread customs observed on Shavuot. During this holiday the Torah portion containing the Ten Commandments is read in the synagogue, and the biblical Book of Ruth is read as well. It is traditional to eat dairy meals during Shavuot.

Tisha B'Av—Ninth of Av

Tisha B'Av is a major fast day and day of mourning. A Midrashic tradition states that the spies' negative report concerning the Land of Israel was delivered on Tisha B'Av. Consequently, the day became auspicious for negative events in Jewish history. Most notably, both the First Temple, originally built by King Solomon, and the Second Temple of Roman times were destroyed on Tisha B'Av.




[1] http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/526874/jewish/The-Jewish-Month.htm.
[2] Most of my information is taken from the Wikipedia article, here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_holidays. The article contains all the minor holidays and fasts for further information.

Friday, February 27, 2015

NT Lesson #8—Study Questions. Bruce

Lesson #8: "A More Excellent Way" 

The Sermon on the Mount [I]:

New Testament Class Member Study Guide

How can Latter-day Saints be “the light of the world”?
(Matthew 5:16; see also [3 Nephi 18:24]).

 

 

 

How are the Savior’s teachings in Matthew 5:22–24, 28, 34–37, 39–40, and 44–48 higher laws than the ["laws of Moses"] mentioned in Matthew 5:21, 27, 33, 38, and 5:43?

 

  

 

 

 

How do the teachings in the Sermon on the Mount help us "come unto Christ, and be perfected in him”? (Moroni 10:32).












Sunday, February 22, 2015

New Testament Lesson#7 Alison

New Testament Lesson #7 “[He] Took Our Infirmities, and Bare Our Sicknesses”
Mark 1:14–15; 21–45; 2:1–12; 4:35–41; 5; Luke 7:11–17

Quotes:
1.     “it is important to remember that Satan can have no power over people without their consent. President James E. Faust (1920–2007) of the First Presidency explained: ‘We need not become paralyzed with fear of Satan’s power. He can have no power over us unless we permit it. He is really a coward, and if we stand firm, he will retreat. The Apostle James counseled: “Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you” (James 4:7). He cannot know our thoughts unless we speak them. And Nephi states that “he hath no power over the hearts” of people who are righteous (see 1 Nephi 22:26)’ (‘The Great Imitator,’ Ensign, Nov. 1987, 35).”

2.     Elder Packer, “Those who will repent and forsake sin will find that His merciful arm is outstretched still. Those who listen to and heed His words and the words of His chosen servants will find peace and understanding even in the midst of great heartache and sorrow. The result of His sacrifice is to free us from the effects of sin, that all may have guilt erased and feel hope. Had He not accomplished the Atonement, there would be no redemption. It would be a difficult world to live in if we could never be forgiven for our mistakes, if we could never purify ourselves and move on. The mercy and grace of Jesus Christ are not limited to those who commit sins either of commission or omission, but they encompass the promise of everlasting peace to all who will accept and follow Him and His teachings. His mercy is the mighty healer, even to the wounded innocent.”[1]

3.     James E. Talmage: “The vital distinction between a restoration of the dead to a resumption of mortal life, and the resurrection of the body from death to a state of immortality, must be thoughtfully heeded. In each of the instances thus far considered—that of the raising of the dead man of Nain,w and that of the daughter of Jairus, as also in the raising of Lazarus to be studied later—the miracle consisted in reuniting the spirit and the body in a continuation of the interrupted course of mortal existence. That the subject of each of these miracles had to subsequently die is certain. Jesus Christ was the first of all men who have lived on earth to come forth from the tomb an immortalized Being; He is therefore properly designated as “the first fruits of them that slept.”

Introduction
According to early Christian sources, Mark was not among the original disciples of Jesus Christ, but he later converted, became an assistant to the Apostle Peter, and wrote his Gospel based on what he learned from Peter. If Matthew and Luke used Mark as a source when writing their Gospels, as some scholars postulate, then Mark’s association with Peter may help explain why Matthew and Luke would use Mark as a source.[2]
With all the many miracles that the Savior performed out of compassion and in order to teach correct principles and build faith, perhaps the most telling moment was with the man who was “sick of the palsy” in Mark 2:8–11 “Why reason ye these things in your hearts? Whether is it easier to say to the sick of the palsy, Thy sins be forgiven thee; or to say, Arise, and take up thy bed, and walk? But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins, (he saith to the sick of the palsy,) I say unto thee, Arise, and take up thy bed, and go thy way into thine house.” While we may not have the opportunity to be healed from our infirmities as we go through life, because of His Atonement, we are guaranteed that our sins will be forgiven if we follow the conditions of repentance. Inner, invisible healing and outward visible healing—both miraculous, but which is more valuable to our eternal progression?

Mark 1:14–15; 21–45

Jesus is returning to Galilee after the meeting with the Samaritan woman and being with the (now converted) Samaritans for two days. Last week we heard about his call to Simon and Andrew to join Him, but just before that, in Mark 1:14–15, Jesus issues the call to repent! This will presage the great message of His ministry that “Behold, he who has repented of his sins, the same is forgiven, and I, the Lord, remember them no more” (D&C 58:42), because only then can we be cleansed of our sins and eventually be “saved in the Kingdom of God” (2 Nephi 9:23). John the Baptist is in prison.
Read Mark 1:21–27. Where is Jesus? And what happens here? There are many references to Jesus casting out evil spirits and those spirits recognized Him. Read Quote 1. Seemingly this, more than the other accounts of His healing, dramatically increased the knowledge of and response to Jesus the Christ.
Read Mark 1:29–34. What does anon mean (eventually). We know that Christ and our Heavenly Father know us initimately, but we are required to bring our cares, desires, and pleas to Them, not expect Them just to heal us without asking. That being said, we will look at two instances of the Savior Himself healing when He was not asked.
From now on wherever He goes the people follow, principally to be healed—physical manifestations of His power rather than seeking the spiritual manifestations.

Mark 2:1–12
Read the scriptures. Here, then, is what the people should have been looking for. The power to forgive sins. Read Quote 2. Question: Does this give you some insight into the importance of striving to be a disciple? The importance of His word in our lives? The Lord may choose not to heal us physically, but He will always heal us spiritually as we adhere to the principle of repentance!

Mark 4: 35–41; 5:1–20/Luke 7:11–17
Calming the storm—Peace Be Still.
Casting out devils. Unlike other miracles, this time Jesus tells the healed man to “Go home to thy friends, and tell them how great things the Lord hath done for thee, and hath had compassion on thee” (Mark 5:19). Question: How does He calm the mental storms in our lives?

Luke
Nain is 30 miles, uphill from Capernaum—a tough journey. A widow in ancient Israel has no claim to any property, only through her children, so if she lost her only son, and had no other living relatives, then she would be homeless, nameless, and eventually completely forgotten (see Deut. 25:5–6; Isa. 56:5; Micah 2:2). Question: How does this make us feel about the sealing power restored to earth by Elijah through Joseph Smith? What earthly consequences does this have? The significance of this miracle is that (1) Jesus initiated it; there was no request from the widow or anyone else in the funeral procession and (2) compared with Jairus’s daughter or the servant of the centurion it occurred comparatively far away from these miracles which were centered around Capernaum, 30 long, hard miles away, and Jesus had with him His disciples and others, not to mention the funeral procession.
Read Quote 3
Mark 5:22–43
Jairus, a ruler of the synagogue, has come to the Savior pleading with him to heal his ailing 12-year old daughter. Because of his humility, one supposes (vss. 22–23), Christ accompanies him, but then so does a multitude who are waiting for Jesus to perform a miracle, or, we can hope, teach them. While they are walking, a timorous woman, outcast because of her medical problem, undoubtedly shunned—since an issue of blood, according to the Law of Moses, rendered a woman unclean—poor in wealth having spent it all on physicians, and humbled because of her enforced isolation from family and friends, thinks to herself, “If I may touch but his clothes, I shall be whole” (vs. 28). Any utensil or anyone she touches becomes unclean, but she felt that touching the edge of His garment would not defile Him. And, on the contrary, it heals her. Anyone seeing this would have gasped at her audacity, but the Savior had infinite compassion. By calling her “daughter” He gives her family and restores her completely. In a very public place, a very intimate conversation has taken place.
But now the atmosphere changes—one wonders why Christ did not immediately heal Jairus’s daughter as the woman was immediately healed, but it is possible that the while the woman’s faith was complete, Jairus’s was not. This was his only daughter, and possibly his only child. He was desperate, but perhaps his faith was not complete. When news came of her death, Jesus tells Jairus: “be not afraid, only believe” (vs. 36). Then, in a reversal of the public nature of His healings, He takes just Peter, James, and John with Him. When He gets to the house, He dismisses the mourners who seemingly have no faith whatsoever—presumably themselves of the ruling class: “they laughed him to scorn” (vs. 40). And He raises her from the dead, and to reassure the unbelieving that she was indeed resurrected, instructs that she be fed physically, having fed them all spiritually.






[1] https://www.lds.org/general-conference/2014/10/the-reason-for-our-hope?lang=eng
[2] https://www.lds.org/manual/new-testament-student-manual/introduction-to-mark/chapter-11?lang=eng.